Sittanavasal was initially a Jain monastic complex. The rock-cut cave temple was excavated during the reign of the Pandya kings, particularly during the 7th century AD. The paintings are attributed to the patronage of King Mahendravarman I, a Pallava ruler who converted to Jainism. The site served as a Jain refuge and a centre for religious learning. Over time, the cave suffered damage and neglect. In the early 20th century, efforts were made to restore and preserve the paintings. Today, Sittanavasal Cave stands as a protected monument, offering valuable insights into the art, religion, and social life of ancient South India.