Kawal was declared a Sanctuary in 1965 by the erstwhile Government of Andhra Pradesh. Recognizing its ecological significance and tiger population, it was declared a Tiger Reserve in 2012. The area has a rich history of tribal habitation, with indigenous communities traditionally dependent on the forest resources. The establishment of the reserve involved relocating some villages to reduce human-animal conflict and promote conservation. Over the years, the forest department has worked to improve habitat conditions, enhance anti-poaching measures, and engage local communities in conservation efforts. Kawal Tiger Reserve plays a crucial role in the larger tiger conservation landscape of India, connecting tiger populations across different protected areas. Ongoing efforts are focused on strengthening protection, monitoring wildlife populations, and promoting sustainable tourism.