The museum's collection is primarily derived from the ancient Buddhist site of Amaravati, located about 35 km away. The Amaravati stupa was a major Buddhist center from the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, flourishing under the Satavahana dynasty. The stupa was adorned with exquisite limestone carvings depicting scenes from the life of Buddha and Jataka tales. Over the centuries, the site fell into disrepair, and many of the sculptures were scattered. The museum was established to safeguard and display the recovered artifacts, preserving them for future generations. It provides a valuable insight into the evolution of Buddhist art and the cultural exchange that took place in the region.