Established in 1919 by Sir John Marshall, the then Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, the Sanchi Archaeological Museum was initially conceived to house and preserve the numerous artifacts unearthed during the excavation of the Sanchi stupa complex. The collection began with items found during the early 20th-century excavations. Over the years, the museum's collection has expanded to include artifacts from nearby archaeological sites. It has played a crucial role in preserving and interpreting the historical significance of Sanchi. The museum's existence is a testament to the importance of preserving India's rich archaeological heritage for future generations.