The Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve was established in 2001, recognizing the region's exceptional ecological significance. The area has a long history of human interaction, with indigenous communities having lived in harmony with nature for centuries. The name Agasthyamalai is derived from the peak Agasthyarkoodam, which is revered by both Hindus and Buddhists. Over time, the region has faced threats from human encroachment and exploitation, leading to the establishment of protected areas and conservation initiatives.