Established in 1875 by Raja Mahant Ghasidas, the museum was initially a private collection. Over time, it expanded to include artifacts from various periods and regions of Chhattisgarh. The museum's collection grew significantly with contributions from archaeologists and local communities. It was later taken over by the government and opened to the public. The museum now serves as a vital institution for preserving and showcasing the cultural heritage of Chhattisgarh, providing valuable insights into the region's history and artistic traditions.