The museum is named after Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, a prominent ruler of the Darbhanga Raj. The Darbhanga Raj was one of the largest and most influential zamindari estates in British India. The museum was established to preserve the royal family's vast collection of artifacts and to showcase their legacy to the public. Many of the items on display were collected by the Maharajas themselves, reflecting their personal tastes and interests. The museum's collection provides valuable insights into the history of the region and the social, political, and cultural landscape of the time.